Of course, nigerias independence meant it had to try to unify the nation, which proved difficult due to its extreme diversity in languages, religion, culture and politics. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. The study also examines how corruption induces military intervention in nigerian politics due to the embezzlement of public funds by our political leaders as well as mismanagement. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Military coups and military rule which began as an emergency aberration became a seemingly permanent feature of nigerian politics.
Eventually, there were so many riots that a military coup occurred in 1966. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 1966 1979, length. Throughout the 33 years of military rule in nigeria, coup detat was the order of the day, governments were overthrown, political leaders assassinated and oppositions silenced. The constitution drafting initiatives embarked by the various military regimes were mainly aimed at legitimising the military in power. Nigerias democracy will get stronger if allowed to grow and mature. Military regimes in africa dates back to 1952 when the egyptians military overthrew king farouk, consequent upon this singular act, other african countries followed suit with nigeria taking her twice in january 1966, 19751979 1983, and 1993. For almost a century, much of northern nigeria was part of one or the other of these empires, and after the 1590s, borno dominated the region for 200 years. Nigerias first military junta began following the 1966 nigerian coup detat which overthrew. These fluctuations in stable governance have both positively and negatively affected the livelihood of the nigerian people. Measures that could be taken to prevent military intervention in nigeria. Abstract this study analyzes military rule and the political transition to democracy in nigeria. From the onset of independent government in nigeria in 1960 to the end of 1990, the military had ruled for twentyone years. It enquires into how military intervenes in the nigerian politics in the recent time.
A military coup is the violent or nonviolent overthrow of an existing political regime by the military. Nigerias threat analysis and the strategic response the threats confronting nigeria can be summarized as internal and external. Nov 28, 2017 military regimes in nigeria exhibited patrimonial characteristics such as personal rule, absence of separation between the public and private realms, patronclient administrative networks, veneration of the ruler, massive corruption, ethnicsectionalbased support, and repression of opposition and violation of human rights. Buhari removed then head of state shehu shagari and imprisoned him for two years in a closed door without light. Major general johnson aguiyiironsi was made the head of the federal military government of nigeria, but was soon overthrown and murdered in a coup in july of the same year. The military style of coming into power negates the principle of. As at that time, nigeria was still following the british system of government in which there is a prime minister and a ceremonial president. Buhari justified his coup and subsequent actions by citing the troubles of the second republic and the declining economy. Politics should be played according to laid down rules and regulations. There should accountability on the part of politicians in government. The regime declared a war against indiscipline wai, which resulted in the arrest, detention, and jailing of a number of politicians.
Military rule and nation building process in nigeria. When the wai was extended to journalists and others not responsible for the social. Independence from british rule came to pass in nigeria on the 1 st of october, 1960. Nigerian military juntas of 196679 and 198399 wikipedia. Despite bornos hegemony, the hausa states wrestled for ascendancy. Not all transitions actually lead to civilian rule, of course. The military had ruled for thirty 34 years out of 57 years of independence. Nigerian army, economic development, civil war introduction in 1960 when nigeria attained political independence. There have been a large number of successful and failed military coups in nigeria since the countrys independence from the british empire in 1960.
Written by waidi adebayo january 15, 2016 january 15, 2017. The fraudulent election was used as an excuse for the takeover, although the military. I am also not oblivious of the fact that military rule may have worked in other parts of the world but in africa the case is different. The subsequent creation of states by federal military governments must be discounted as part of the distortions and mutilations of the true political order, brought about by unlawful military usurpation of power. Pdf the impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria. Sanda, olusola ojo, victor ayeni faculty of administration, university of ife, 1987 civilmilitary relations 344 pages. Military rule in nigeria first started on january 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the npcnndp government thereby overthrowing sir ahmadu bello. Some internal threats include internal fragilities, illegal trafficking, piracy, unreported and unregulated fishing, islamic fundamentalism, oil theft and pipeline vandalism as well as terrorism. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to. Nigeria has had long years of military rule and this eroded the democratic culture of dialogue and consensus building.
The goal is to examine how military leadership in nigeria in particular has partly contributed to nation building or towards its disintegration destruction. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 2, fall 2012 political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Military regimes are sometimes replaced by a new version of the same type of regime, as in nigeria in. The individual state governments, as well as the national, federal. The impact of military rule on nigerias administration. Instead, they establish military rule, led by either a single military strongman or a junta representing the of. Military rule commenced in nigeria on january 15, 1966 when a military coup detat led by an army major, chukwuma nzeogwu, overthrew the government of prime minister abubakar tafawa balewa. It is not meant to be a comprehensive list though i would be happy to add to it. The impact of military rule on nigerias administration a.
Military rule and topdown rule in general is bound for failure. The nigerian military juntas of 196679 and 198399 were a pair of military dictatorships in. The press under military rule in nigeria, 19661993. It stretched through the shortlived regime of majorgenera. Nigeria and the ruins of military rule the guardian nigeria. This is a most important and eminently scholarly book which analyzes, with penetrating insight and candor, the unnecessarily troublous relationship between the nigerian press and the five nigerian military governments which ruled nigeria for twenty three years between 1966 and 1993. Nigerias national defence policy document categorizes nigerias interest into vital, strategic and peripheral interests. The study also examines how corruption induces military intervention in nigerian politics due to the embezzlement of public funds by our political leaders as well as. Nigerian politics has generally followed a policy of rotation of political offices based upon. Nigeria s achievements and failures under the military. It operates the presidential system of government with three distinct but complementary arms namely the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, each acting as a check on. The impact of military rule on nigeria s nation building, 1966 1979, length.
The role of the military 76 he states further, that the characteristics of military law includes the following. The national policy also stipulates the roles of the armed forces as follows. On the 18th of february, 1977, some unidentified military men attacked fela kutis residence, kalakuta republic, in which the musical taliban. Nigerias military decrees this page includes many of the important decrees issued by nigerias military regimes between 1966 and 1999. Military rule are noted for violating fundamental human rights. Sec rule 230 further specifies that in a small merger, the. To them, nigeria has taught the world the difference between democracy and civil rule. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 1966 1979, author. Nigerias new civilian president, olusegun obasanjo has been sworn into office, promising to stamp out the corruption which became a feature of the years of military rule. On december 31, 1983, the military seized power once again, primarily because there was virtually no confidence in the civilian regime. The government during the military regime was unstable. Feb 05, 2015 historical research letter issn 22243178 paper issn 22250964 online vol.
But there are other reasons for directing attention to the effects of military rule. Nigeria and the ruins of military rule the guardian. These fluctuations in stable governance have both positively and negatively affected the livelihood of the. Nigeria is an oilrich state located in the eastern part of african. Buhari justified his coup and subsequent actions by citing the troubles of the second republic and the declining. Several dominant themes in nigerian history are essential for understanding. The problem, however, was that although military officers accepted this rationale, military rule usually became selfsustaining. Look at india, brazil and america in the late 19th century all of these places dont have the best democracies but theyve been strengthened over the years. The largely historical legal study focuses on four objectives to wit. Nigerian history a platform for nigerias social,political and economic history. Recent african military coups and military regimes have raised the question as to. And in many countries the period of military rule has now lasted longer than the initial period of civilian rule after independence. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building.
The countrys other river system involves various rivers that merge into the yobe. Introduction in nigeria, mergers by private or public companies are principally regulated under the investments and securities act 2007 the isa and the rules and. This is why, the study of military rule in nigeria and how their roles have partly contributed to nation building or in nation breaking will be given a clear and serious thought because this matter to us as scholars, students of history and as well the laymen in the societies. Nigerian mass media is indispensable at this early stage. President obasanjo said he would show that integrity in government and civilian life was the way forward. The military succeeded in the aspect of creating new states and local councils.
Nigeria s new civilian president, olusegun obasanjo has been sworn into office, promising to stamp out the corruption which became a feature of the years of military rule. Since gaining independence in 1960, it has faced numerous regime changes. Although military rule has become less common during the past two decades, the military still governed 19% of the worlds countries in the. Buhari was the one who lead the military coup of 1983. This book investigates the relationship between nigerian military governments and the nigerian press in the context of press freedom over a period of twentythree years.
Military politicians in power from january 15, 1966 until 1999 destroyed nigerias economy, ruined the currency, desecrated the civil service which was the best on the continent then and killed. Nigeria s democracy will get stronger if allowed to grow and mature. The effects of military governance in nigeria essay bartleby. Introduction in nigeria, mergers by private or public companies are principally regulated under the investments and securities act 2007 the isa and the rules and regulations made pursuant to the isa the sec rules. Historical research letter issn 22243178 paper issn 22250964 online vol.
Nov 30, 2016 military rule and the republic of biafra. Nigeria has therefore been governed for a longer period over thirty years of her independence by the military. No respect for the rule of law since the military is conducted without a constitution. Unfortunately the military struck in january 16 1966 and ruled the country for over 30 years. History of military rule in nigeria pdf summary yes, i know youd want to keep this for offline use, so weve created the military rule in nigeria pdf file. Five rare and pitiable photos of fela kuti after the attack on his house, kalakuta republic in 1977. Nigerias prolonged experience with military rule has resulted in a political culture that is primarily authoritarian despite the formal democratization of state institutions. Nigeria became an independent country in october 1 st 1960 after about a century occupation by the british colonial masters. This case study attempted to examine political processes under military rule in nigeria. This module discusses the military era in nigeria, highlighting the major political, economic, social and cultural developments that occurred during military rule, the cause, problems, means and degree of these developments and of nigeria s integration as a sovereign nation. This was the year nigeria assumed both political and military control of its territory. Oct 10, 2016 nigerias first military junta began following the 1966 nigerian coup detat which overthrew prime minister alhaji sir abubakar tafawa balewa. The impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria 287 military rule in africa at the end of the colonialism in africa, it was natural, that the political culture of the colonial. The military history of nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st october 1966.
Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf the impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria article pdf available december 2012 with 51,005 reads. The fraudulent election was used as an excuse for the takeover, although the military was in fact closely associated with the ousted government. Between 1966 and 1999 the army held power in nigeria without interruption apart from a shortlived return to democracy. The impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria. Military rule in nigeria first started on january 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the npcnndp government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. Research offcampus without worrying about access issues. This study analyzes military rule and the political transition to democracy in nigeria. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 19661979 abdulrahman, ajibola a. The former military ruler olusegun obasanjo returned to power after officially winning presidential elections in nigeria in 1999. Nigeria is, therefore, a federation of former kingdoms, empires, states, nations and autonomous communities. The impact of military rule on nigeria s nation building, 1966 1979, author. Regulation of mergers in nigeria afoke igwe, bayo onamade i. Abuja has networking technical questions and answers pdf been the capital of nigeria since december 12, 1991. The machinery of government during the military regime in nigeria.